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Uncovering Physical Commonsense Violations
in Gameplay Videos

Introduction

Recent advancements in video-based large language models (Video LLMs) have witnessed the emergence of diverse capabilities to reason and interpret dynamic visual content. Among them, gameplay videos stand out as a distinctive data source, often containing glitches that defy physics commonsense. This characteristic renders them an effective benchmark for assessing the under-explored capability of physical commonsense understanding in video LLMs. In this paper, we propose Logo PhysGame as a pioneering benchmark to evaluate physical commonsense violations in gameplay videos. PhysGame comprises 880 videos associated with glitches spanning four fundamental domains (ie, mechanics, kinematics, optics, and material properties) and across 12 distinct physical commonsense. Through extensively evaluating various state-of-the-art video LLMs, our findings reveal that the performance of current open-source video LLMs significantly lags behind that of proprietary counterparts. To bridge this gap, we curate an instruction tuning dataset PhysInstruct with 140,057 question-answering pairs to facilitate physical commonsense learning. In addition, we also propose a preference optimization dataset PhysDPO with 34,358 training pairs, where the dis-preferred responses are generated conditioned on misleading titles (ie, meta information hacking), fewer frames (ie, temporal hacking) and lower spatial resolutions (ie, spatial hacking). Based on the suite of datasets, we propose PhysVLM as a physical knowledge-enhanced video LLM. Extensive experiments on both physical-oriented benchmark PhysGame and general video understanding benchmarks demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of PhysVLM.

Leaderboard

This leaderboard is sorted by AVG. To view other sorted results, please click on the corresponding cell.

# Model LLM
Params
Date AVG (%) Mechanics (%) Kinematics (%) Optics (%) Material (%)
Grav. Elast. Fric. Velo. Acc. Refl. Refr. Abs. Col. Rig. Sha. Gest.
Logo PhysVLM-DPO

Ours

7B 2024-12-02 59.5 64.8 66.3 60.2 59.6 60.2 39.1 67.9 35.6 57.8 62.2 37.5 78.2
Logo PhysVLM-SFT

Ours

7B 2024-12-02 56.7 54.9 62.5 60.2 51.1 63.6 45.7 57.1 28.8 64.4 51.4 50.0 72.4
GPT-4o-0806

OpenAI

- 2024-08-06 56.1 47.9 61.3 59.1 43.6 61.4 43.5 53.6 50.8 68.9 54.1 65.6 63.2
Gemini-1.5-pro

Google

- 2024-06-15 55.2 50.7 70.0 48.9 51.1 59.1 50.0 42.9 52.5 71.1 56.8 53.1 58.6
Claude3.5-Sonnet

Anthropic

- 2024-07-30 54.3 50.7 58.8 50.6 53.2 59.1 50.0 50.0 49.2 64.4 52.7 50.0 62.1
Qwen-VL-max

Alibaba

- 2024-06-15 50.9 50.7 53.8 51.1 31.9 46.6 50.0 60.7 50.8 64.4 48.6 65.6 59.8
Gemini-1.5-pro-flash

Google

- 2024-06-15 48.5 47.9 52.5 51.7 43.6 51.1 43.5 53.6 33.9 64.4 43.2 46.9 49.4
LLaVA-OneVision

Google

7B 2024-08-08 47.7 50.7 50.0 46.0 39.4 45.5 43.5 71.4 40.7 55.6 44.6 56.2 52.9
Claude3.5-SonnetV2

Anthropic

- 2024-07-30 47.6 46.5 52.5 46.6 37.2 53.4 47.8 50.0 33.9 55.6 54.1 43.8 51.7
GPT-4V

OpenAI

- 2024-06-15 45.9 40.8 60.0 48.3 34.0 48.9 43.5 46.4 42.4 53.3 45.9 37.5 44.8
GPT-4o-mini-0718

OpenAI

- 2024-07-18 40.3 43.7 43.8 39.2 35.1 44.3 30.4 46.4 42.4 44.4 37.8 37.5 41.4
PPLLaVA

Peking University

7B 2024-11-04 38.4 45.1 38.8 42.6 30.9 30.7 41.3 39.3 35.6 44.4 39.2 18.8 43.7
VideoChat2

Shanghai AI Lab

7B 2024-06-15 34.3 33.8 35.0 29.5 41.5 28.4 28.3 32.1 33.9 33.3 41.9 21.9 44.8
InternVL2

Shanghai AI Lab

7B 2024-07-18 33.4 29.6 31.2 38.6 35.1 30.7 30.4 53.6 35.6 26.7 29.7 18.8 34.5
ST-LLM

Peking University

7B 2024-06-15 32.8 32.4 26.2 26.7 37.2 28.4 37.0 25.0 28.8 33.3 40.5 37.5 46.0
LLaVA-Next-Video

Bytedance & NTU S-Lab

7B 2024-05-10 32.2 43.7 33.8 27.3 34.0 22.7 21.7 35.7 23.7 35.6 41.9 34.4 37.9
Chat-UniVi

Peking University

7B 2024-06-15 29.5 28.2 27.5 29.5 39.4 23.9 28.3 32.1 30.5 31.1 18.9 28.1 35.6
Video-LLaVA

Peking University

7B 2024-06-15 29.0 32.4 22.5 27.8 31.9 26.1 19.6 35.7 32.2 31.1 36.5 28.1 27.6

Logo Benchmark

Data Category





Benchmark Comparison


data-composition

Comparison with existing benchmarks for video LLMs in terms of the video number (#Videos), the average video duration (Len.), the number of QA pair (#QA Pairs), the average QA pair tokens (QA Tokens), the manually/automatic annotation manner (M/A), whether the benchmarks are gameplay video based (Game-Bsd), whether the questions are physical commonsense classified (Phys-Clsf), and whether the benchmarks contain meta information (Meta-info).


data-composition

Comparison with existing gameplay video benchmarks in terms of whether they are video-based (Vid-Bsd), whether they follow an instructional format (Instruct), and support multi-modal evaluations (MModal).

Logo PhysVLM



Qualitative examples of open-ended questions



Qualitative examples of open-ended questions



Citation


      @article{cao2024physgame,
      title={PhysGame: Uncovering Physical Commonsense Violations in Gameplay Videos}, 
      author={Cao, Meng and Tang, Haoran and Zhao, Haoze and Guo, Hangyu and Liu, Jiaheng and Zhang, Ge and Liu, Ruyang and Sun, Qiang and Reid, Ian and Liang, Xiaodan},
      journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.01800},
      year={2024},
      },
      @article{liu2024ppllava,
        title={PPLLaVA: Varied Video Sequence Understanding With Prompt Guidance},
        author={Liu, Ruyang and Tang, Haoran and Liu, Haibo and Ge, Yixiao and Shan, Ying and Li, Chen and Yang, Jiankun},
        journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.02327},
        year={2024}
      }